Medicinski Glosar
Jasniji način istraživanja zdravstvenih pojmova
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A1C
A blood test that reflects average blood glucose levels over the previous two to three months.
Acid Reflux
A condition in which stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation and heartburn.
Acne
A skin condition caused by clogged hair follicles, leading to pimples and inflammation.
Airway
The passages through which air travels into and out of the lungs.
Albumin
A protein produced by the liver that helps maintain fluid balance in the bloodstream.
Allergen
A substance that triggers an allergic reaction in susceptible individuals.
Allergy
An immune response to a substance that is normally harmless.
Alzheimer's Disease
A progressive brain disorder that affects memory, thinking, and behavior.
Anaphylaxis
A severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction.
Anemia
A condition where the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin to carry adequate oxygen to tissues.
Antibody
A protein produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize harmful substances.
Anticoagulant
A medication that helps prevent blood clots from forming.
Anxiety
A mental health condition characterized by excessive worry, nervousness, or fear that interferes with daily life.
Apnea
A temporary pause in breathing, often occurring during sleep.
Arrhythmia
An abnormal heart rhythm that may be too fast, too slow, or irregular.
Arthritis
Inflammation of one or more joints that can cause pain, swelling, and stiffness.
Asthma
A chronic condition that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways.
Atherosclerosis
A condition in which plaque builds up inside arteries, restricting blood flow.
Aura
Sensory disturbances that may occur before or during a migraine.
Autoimmune Disease
A condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues.
Bile
A digestive fluid produced by the liver that helps break down fats.
Bilirubin
A yellow substance produced during the breakdown of red blood cells.
Bladder
A hollow organ that stores urine before it leaves the body.
Blister
A fluid-filled pocket that forms on the skin due to friction, burns, or irritation.
Bloating
A feeling of fullness or swelling in the abdomen, often caused by gas or digestive disturbances.
Blood Clot
A gel-like collection of blood that forms to stop bleeding but can become dangerous if it blocks blood flow.
Blood Glucose
The amount of sugar present in the bloodstream at a given time.
Blood Pressure
The force exerted by circulating blood against artery walls.
Blood Type
A classification of blood based on the presence or absence of specific antigens on red blood cells.
Body Mass Index
A screening tool that estimates body fat based on height and weight.
Bone Density
A measure of the amount of minerals in bones, indicating their strength.
Bone Marrow
Soft tissue inside bones where blood cells are produced.
Bradycardia
A slower-than-normal heart rate, usually below 60 beats per minute.
Brain
The central organ of the nervous system responsible for thought, memory, movement, and sensation.
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes that carry air to and from the lungs.
Bronchodilator
A medication that relaxes airway muscles to improve breathing.
Burnout
A state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion caused by prolonged stress.
Bursitis
Inflammation of fluid-filled sacs that cushion joints and reduce friction.
CBC
A Complete Blood Count test used to evaluate overall health and detect blood disorders.
COPD
A group of chronic lung diseases that obstruct airflow and impair breathing.
Calcium
An essential mineral required for strong bones and teeth.
Calories
Units of energy obtained from food and beverages that fuel bodily functions.
Carbohydrates
Nutrients that provide the body's primary source of energy.
Cardiac Arrest
A sudden loss of heart function requiring immediate emergency treatment.
Cardiology
The branch of medicine focused on the heart and blood vessels.
Cartilage
A flexible connective tissue that cushions joints and supports movement.
Celiac Disease
An autoimmune disorder in which consuming gluten damages the small intestine.
Cellulitis
A bacterial skin infection that causes redness, swelling, and tenderness.
Chest Congestion
A feeling of fullness in the chest caused by mucus buildup in the airways.
Cholesterol
A waxy substance in the blood that is necessary for cell function but can contribute to heart disease when elevated.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
A progressive lung disease that makes breathing increasingly difficult.
Circulation
The movement of blood throughout the body via the heart and blood vessels.
Cirrhosis
Advanced scarring of the liver caused by long-term damage.
Cognition
Mental processes involved in learning, memory, reasoning, and problem-solving.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
A form of psychotherapy that helps people identify and change negative thought patterns.
Collagen
A protein that provides structure, strength, and elasticity to the skin.
Colonoscopy
A procedure used to examine the inner lining of the large intestine and rectum.
Concussion
A mild traumatic brain injury caused by a blow or jolt to the head.
Constipation
Difficulty passing stool or having infrequent bowel movements.
Coronary Artery Disease
A condition where the arteries supplying the heart become narrowed or blocked.
Cough
A reflex action that helps clear irritants and mucus from the airways.
Creatinine
A waste product measured in blood and urine to assess kidney function.
Crohn's Disease
A chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting the digestive tract.
Cystitis
Inflammation of the bladder, often caused by a urinary tract infection.
Cytokines
Proteins that help regulate immune responses and inflammation.
Deep Vein Thrombosis
A blood clot that forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs.
Dementia
A group of symptoms affecting memory, thinking, and daily functioning.
Depression
A mood disorder characterized by persistent sadness and loss of interest in daily activities.
Dermatitis
Inflammation of the skin causing redness, itching, and irritation.
Diabetes
A group of metabolic disorders characterized by elevated blood glucose levels.
Diagnostic Term 1
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Dialysis
A treatment that removes waste and excess fluid when kidneys cannot function properly.
Diarrhea
Frequent loose or watery bowel movements that may result from infection or digestive disorders.
Digestion
The process by which food is broken down into nutrients the body can absorb and use.
Dislocation
An injury where a bone is forced out of its normal joint position.
Dizziness
A sensation of lightheadedness, unsteadiness, or loss of balance.
Dry Skin
A condition in which the skin lacks sufficient moisture.
Dyspnea
The medical term for shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.
ECG
A diagnostic test that records the electrical activity of the heart.
Eczema
A chronic condition causing itchy, inflamed, and irritated skin.
Elasticity
The skin's ability to stretch and return to its original shape.
Electrolytes
Minerals that help regulate fluid balance, nerve signals, and muscle function.
Emotional Regulation
The ability to manage and respond appropriately to emotional experiences.
Emphysema
A lung condition that damages air sacs and reduces oxygen exchange.
Endoscopy
A procedure using a flexible camera-equipped tube to examine the digestive tract.
Energy Balance
The relationship between calories consumed and calories expended.
Epilepsy
A neurological disorder characterized by recurring seizures.
Esophagus
The muscular tube that carries food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach.
Fat Metabolism
The process by which the body breaks down and uses fats for energy.
Fatty Liver Disease
A condition where excess fat accumulates in liver cells.
Ferritin
A protein that stores iron and reflects the body's iron reserves.
Fibrosis
The buildup of scar tissue in the liver due to repeated injury.
Fracture
A break or crack in a bone caused by injury or disease.
Frequent Urination
The need to urinate more often than usual.
GERD
A chronic condition in which stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus.
Gallbladder
A small organ that stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver.
Gallstones
Hardened deposits that form in the gallbladder and may cause pain or block bile flow.
Gastritis
Inflammation of the stomach lining that can cause discomfort, nausea, and indigestion.
Glomerulus
A network of tiny blood vessels in the kidney that filters waste from blood.
Glucose
A simple sugar that serves as the body's primary energy source.
Glycemic Index
A ranking system that measures how quickly foods raise blood sugar levels.
Grief
A natural emotional response to loss, often involving sadness, anger, and adjustment.
Gut Microbiome
The collection of microorganisms living in the digestive tract that support digestion and immunity.
Headache
Pain or discomfort in the head, scalp, or neck region.
Heart Attack
A medical emergency caused by blocked blood flow to part of the heart muscle.
Heart Failure
A condition in which the heart cannot pump blood efficiently enough to meet the body's needs.
Heart Rate
The number of times the heart beats per minute.
Heartburn
A burning sensation in the chest caused by acid reflux into the esophagus.
Hematocrit
The percentage of blood volume made up of red blood cells.
Hematuria
The presence of blood in the urine.
Hemoglobin
A protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body.
Hemophilia
A genetic bleeding disorder in which blood does not clot properly.
Hemoptysis
The coughing up of blood from the respiratory tract.
Hemorrhoids
Swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus that may cause discomfort or bleeding.
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver caused by infections, toxins, or autoimmune conditions.
Hepatitis A
A viral infection that causes short-term inflammation of the liver.
Hepatitis B
A viral liver infection that can become chronic and cause liver damage.
Hepatitis C
A viral infection that primarily affects the liver and may become chronic.
Histamine
A chemical released during allergic reactions that contributes to symptoms such as itching and swelling.
Hydration
Maintaining adequate fluid levels to support normal bodily functions.
Hyperglycemia
Higher-than-normal levels of glucose in the bloodstream.
Hypertension
Persistently elevated blood pressure that increases cardiovascular risk.
Hypoglycemia
Abnormally low blood glucose levels that may cause dizziness or confusion.
Hypotension
Abnormally low blood pressure that may cause dizziness or fainting.
Hypoxia
A condition in which body tissues do not receive enough oxygen.
Immune Response
The body's defense reaction against harmful organisms or substances.
Immune System
A network of cells and organs that protects the body from disease.
Immunity
The body's ability to resist infections and diseases.
Immunology
The branch of science that studies the immune system.
Incontinence
Loss of bladder control resulting in accidental urine leakage.
Indigestion
Discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen often occurring after eating.
Infectious Disease Term 1
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Inflammation
A protective response by the immune system to injury or infection.
Inhaler
A handheld device used to deliver medication directly into the lungs.
Insulin
A hormone that helps move glucose from the bloodstream into cells for energy.
Insulin Resistance
A condition in which cells respond poorly to insulin, causing blood sugar levels to rise.
Iron Deficiency
A condition in which the body lacks enough iron to produce healthy red blood cells.
Jaundice
Yellowing of the skin and eyes caused by elevated bilirubin levels.
Joint
The point where two or more bones meet to allow movement.
Joint Pain
Discomfort, soreness, or inflammation occurring in one or more joints.
Kidney Failure
A condition in which the kidneys lose the ability to filter waste effectively.
Kidney Function
The kidneys' ability to filter blood and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.
Kidney Stones
Hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys and may cause severe pain.
Kidneys
Organs that filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood.
LDL Cholesterol
Often called 'bad cholesterol' because high levels contribute to artery blockage.
Leukemia
A type of cancer affecting blood-forming tissues, including bone marrow and blood cells.
Leukocytes
Another name for white blood cells that help fight infections.
Ligament
A strong band of connective tissue that connects bones together.
Liver
A vital organ responsible for detoxification, metabolism, and nutrient processing.
Liver Enzymes
Proteins measured in blood tests to assess liver health and function.
Liver Failure
A serious condition in which the liver loses its ability to function properly.
Liver Function
The ability of the liver to perform its essential metabolic and detoxification roles.
Lung Capacity
The maximum amount of air the lungs can hold.
Lymph Node
A small structure that filters harmful substances and houses immune cells.
Lymphatic System
A network that helps maintain fluid balance and supports immune function.
Melanin
The pigment responsible for the color of skin, hair, and eyes.
Memory
The ability to store, retain, and recall information.
Metabolic Syndrome
A group of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
Metabolism
The collection of chemical processes that convert food into energy.
Migraine
A neurological condition causing intense headaches and sensory disturbances.
Mindfulness
The practice of focusing awareness on the present moment without judgment.
Mobility
The ability of joints and muscles to move freely and efficiently.
Mole
A common skin growth caused by clusters of pigment-producing cells.
Mood Disorder
A category of mental health conditions that primarily affect emotional state.
Motor Neuron
A nerve cell responsible for transmitting signals from the brain to muscles.
Multiple Sclerosis
A disease in which the immune system attacks the protective covering of nerves.
Nephron
The functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood.
Nerve
A bundle of fibers that transmits signals throughout the body.
Neurology
The branch of medicine focused on the nervous system.
Neuron
A specialized cell that transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
A liver condition characterized by excess fat accumulation unrelated to alcohol use.
Nutrition Term 1
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Obesity
A medical condition characterized by excessive body fat that increases health risks.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
A condition involving unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors.
Oncology Term 1
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Osteoarthritis
A degenerative joint disease caused by cartilage breakdown.
Osteoporosis
A condition that weakens bones and increases fracture risk.
Oxygen Saturation
The percentage of hemoglobin carrying oxygen in the bloodstream.
Palpitations
A noticeable sensation of a racing, pounding, or irregular heartbeat.
Pancreas
An organ that produces digestive enzymes and hormones such as insulin.
Panic Attack
A sudden episode of intense fear accompanied by physical symptoms such as rapid heartbeat and shortness of breath.
Parkinson's Disease
A progressive neurological disorder affecting movement and coordination.
Pathogen
A microorganism capable of causing disease.
Plasma
The liquid component of blood that carries nutrients, hormones, and waste products.
Platelets
Small blood components that help form clots and stop bleeding.
Pneumonia
A lung infection that inflames air sacs and may fill them with fluid.
Pore
A tiny opening in the skin that releases sweat and oil.
Portal Hypertension
Increased blood pressure in the portal vein system of the liver.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
A mental health condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event.
Posture
The alignment and positioning of the body while sitting, standing, or moving.
Preventive Term 1
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Probiotics
Live microorganisms that may support digestive and gut health when consumed in adequate amounts.
Proteinuria
The presence of excess protein in the urine, often indicating kidney damage.
Psoriasis
A chronic autoimmune condition causing rapid skin cell buildup.
Psychiatrist
A medical doctor specializing in diagnosing and treating mental health conditions.
Psychology
The scientific study of the mind, behavior, and mental processes.
Pulse
The rhythmic expansion of arteries caused by each heartbeat.
Rash
A noticeable change in skin color, texture, or appearance.
Red Blood Cells
Blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues.
Resilience
The ability to adapt and recover from stress, adversity, or trauma.
Respiration
The process of inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
An autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and damage in joints.
Rosacea
A chronic skin condition causing facial redness and visible blood vessels.
Scar
Fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after an injury heals.
Sebum
An oily substance produced by glands that helps protect and moisturize the skin.
Seizure
A sudden burst of abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
Self-Care
Activities and habits that support physical, emotional, and mental well-being.
Sickle Cell Disease
An inherited blood disorder that causes red blood cells to become misshapen and less effective.
Skin Barrier
The outermost layer of skin that protects against moisture loss and harmful substances.
Skin Cancer
The abnormal growth of skin cells, often related to ultraviolet exposure.
Sleep Apnea
A sleep disorder characterized by repeated interruptions in breathing.
Sleep Term 1
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Social Anxiety
A condition involving intense fear of social situations and being judged by others.
Spine
The column of bones that supports the body and protects the spinal cord.
Sprain
An injury involving the stretching or tearing of ligaments.
Stress
The body's physical and emotional response to challenges or demands.
Stroke
A medical emergency caused by interrupted blood flow to the brain.
Sunburn
Skin damage caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
T Cell
A type of white blood cell that plays a central role in immune defense.
Tendon
A fibrous tissue that connects muscles to bones.
Therapy
Professional treatment aimed at improving mental health and emotional well-being.
Thrombosis
The formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel that can restrict blood flow.
Transaminases
Liver enzymes commonly measured to detect liver injury or inflammation.
Trauma
An emotional response to a deeply distressing or disturbing experience.
Triglycerides
A type of fat found in the bloodstream that can increase heart disease risk when elevated.
Ulcer
An open sore that develops on the lining of the stomach or intestine.
Urinalysis
A laboratory test used to analyze the composition of urine.
Urinary Tract
The system of organs that produce, store, and eliminate urine.
Urinary Tract Infection
An infection affecting any part of the urinary system.
Urine
A liquid waste product produced by the kidneys and excreted from the body.
Vaccination
A method of training the immune system to recognize and fight disease-causing organisms.
Vaccine
A biological preparation that helps the body develop immunity to disease.
Vertigo
A sensation that you or your surroundings are spinning.
Virus
A microscopic infectious agent that replicates inside living cells.
Vitamin D
A nutrient that helps the body absorb calcium and maintain bone health.
Vomiting
The forceful expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth.
Weight Management
Strategies and habits used to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight.
Wellness
An active process of maintaining and improving overall physical and mental health.
Wheezing
A high-pitched whistling sound during breathing caused by narrowed airways.
White Blood Cells
Cells of the immune system that help protect the body against infections and diseases.
Wound Healing
The process by which the body repairs damaged skin and tissues.
अनिद्रा (Insomnia)
सोने में कठिनाई या पर्याप्त नींद न ले पाने का विकार, जो दिन के समय थकान और एकाग्रता में कमी का कारण बनता है।
अस्थमा (Asthma / दमा)
एक दीर्घकालिक श्वसन रोग जिसमें वायुमार्ग में सूजन आ जाती है, वे संकुचित हो जाते हैं और सांस लेने में कठिनाई, खांसी व घरघराहट होती है।
आर्थराइटिस (Arthritis / गठिया)
एक या अधिक जोड़ों में सूजन और दर्द की स्थिति, जिससे जोड़ों में जकड़न और चलने-फिरने में परेशानी होती है।
इंसुलिन प्रतिरोध (Insulin Resistance)
एक स्थिति जिसमें शरीर की कोशिकाएं इंसुलिन के प्रति सामान्य प्रतिक्रिया नहीं करती हैं, जिससे रक्त शर्करा को नियंत्रित करने के लिए अधिक इंसुलिन की आवश्यकता होती है।
इन्फ्लेमेशन (Inflammation / सूजन)
चोट, संक्रमण या ऊतक क्षति के प्रति शरीर की प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली की स्वाभाविक प्रतिक्रिया। दीर्घकालिक सूजन कई बीमारियों से जुड़ी होती है।
इम्यूनिटी (Immunity / रोग प्रतिरोधक क्षमता)
संक्रमण, हानिकारक बैक्टीरिया और वायरस से शरीर की रक्षा करने वाली प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली की क्षमता।
एनीमिया (Anemia)
एक ऐसी स्थिति जिसमें शरीर के ऊतकों तक पर्याप्त ऑक्सीजन पहुंचाने के लिए स्वस्थ लाल रक्त कोशिकाओं या हीमोग्लोबिन की कमी हो जाती है। इसके मुख्य लक्षणों में थकान और कमजोरी शामिल हैं।
कार्डियोवैस्कुलर (Cardiovascular)
हृदय और रक्त वाहिकाओं से संबंधित संपूर्ण परिसंचरण तंत्र, जो शरीर के सभी अंगों तक रक्त और पोषक तत्व पहुंचाता है।
कोलेस्ट्रॉल (Cholesterol)
रक्त में पाया जाने वाला मोम जैसा वसायुक्त पदार्थ, जो स्वस्थ कोशिकाओं के निर्माण के लिए आवश्यक है। हालांकि, एलडीएल (खराब) कोलेस्ट्रॉल का अधिक स्तर धमनियों को अवरुद्ध कर सकता है।
डायबिटीज (Diabetes / मधुमेह)
एक चयापचय विकार जिसमें शरीर पर्याप्त इंसुलिन का उत्पादन नहीं कर पाता या इंसुलिन का प्रभावी उपयोग नहीं कर पाता, जिससे रक्त में ग्लूकोज (शर्करा) का स्तर बढ़ जाता है।
डिप्रेशन (Depression / अवसाद)
एक सामान्य लेकिन गंभीर मानसिक स्वास्थ्य विकार जो व्यक्ति की सोच, भावनाओं और दैनिक गतिविधियों को प्रभावित करता है।
फैटी लिवर (Fatty Liver)
यकृत (लिवर) की कोशिकाओं में अतिरिक्त वसा जमा होने की स्थिति, जो समय पर उपचार न मिलने पर यकृत क्षति का कारण बन सकती है।
रक्त का थक्का (Blood Clot / थ्रोम्बोसिस)
रक्त का एक जेल जैसा जमाव जो रक्तस्राव को रोकने के लिए बनता है, लेकिन रक्त वाहिकाओं में अवरोध पैदा करने पर खतरनाक हो सकता है।
सीबीसी टेस्ट (Complete Blood Count / CBC)
एक सामान्य रक्त परीक्षण जो लाल रक्त कोशिकाओं, श्वेत रक्त कोशिकाओं और प्लेटलेट्स की संख्या व स्वास्थ्य का मूल्यांकन करता है।
हाइपरटेंशन (Hypertension / उच्च रक्तचाप)
ऐसी चिकित्सीय स्थिति जिसमें रक्त वाहिकाओं की दीवारों पर रक्त का दबाव लगातार 130/80 mmHg या उससे अधिक बना रहता है, जिससे हृदय रोग और स्ट्रोक का जोखिम बढ़ता है।
উচ্চ রক্তচাপ (Hypertension / হাইপারটেনশন)
ধমনীর দেয়ালে রক্তের চাপ স্বাভাবিকের চেয়ে দীর্ঘ সময় ধরে বেশি থাকা, যা হৃদরোগ ও স্ট্রোকের ঝুঁকি বহুগুণ বৃদ্ধি করে।
কোলেস্টেরল (Cholesterol)
রক্তে উপস্থিত মোমের মতো চর্বিজাতীয় পদার্থ, যা কোষ গঠনের জন্য প্রয়োজনীয় হলেও অতিরিক্ত মাত্রায় হৃদরোগের কারণ হতে পারে।
ডায়াবেটিস (Diabetes / বহুমূত্র রোগ)
একটি মেটাবলিক ব্যাধি যেখানে রক্তে শর্করার মাত্রা দীর্ঘ সময় ধরে স্বাভাবিকের চেয়ে বেশি থাকে।
বাত বা অস্থিসন্ধির ব্যথা (Arthritis / আর্থ্রাইটিস)
এক বা একাধিক অস্থিসন্ধিতে প্রদাহ ও ব্যথা, যার ফলে চলাফেরায় অসুবিধা এবং জয়েন্ট শক্ত হয়ে যায়।
মানসিক অবসাদ (Depression / বিষণ্ণতা)
একটি গুরুতর মানসিক স্বাস্থ্য ব্যাধি যা মানুষের চিন্তা, মেজাজ এবং দৈনন্দিন কাজকর্মকে নেতিবাচকভাবে প্রভাবিত করে।
রক্ত জমাট বাঁধা (Blood Clot / থ্রম্বোসিস)
রক্তক্ষরণ বন্ধ করার জন্য শরীরের স্বাভাবিক প্রক্রিয়া, তবে রক্তনালীর ভেতরে অনাকাঙ্ক্ষিত জমাট বাঁধলে তা বিপদের কারণ হতে পারে।
রক্তাল্পতা (Anemia / অ্যানিমিয়া)
একটি শারীরিক অবস্থা যেখানে রক্তে পর্যাপ্ত স্বাস্থ্যকর লোহিত রক্তকণিকা বা হিমোগ্লোবিন থাকে না, যার ফলে শরীরে অক্সিজেন সরবরাহ ব্যাহত হয়।
রোগ প্রতিরোধ ক্ষমতা (Immunity / ইমিউনিটি)
জীবাণু, ভাইরাস এবং ক্ষতিকারক ব্যাকটেরিয়ার বিরুদ্ধে শরীরকে রক্ষা করার প্রাকৃতিক জৈবিক ব্যবস্থা।
হাঁপানি (Asthma / অ্যাজমা)
ফুসফুসের দীর্ঘমেয়াদী রোগ যাতে শ্বাসনালী সংকুচিত ও ফুলে যায় এবং শ্বাসকষ্ট, কাশি ও বুকের মধ্যে বাঁশির মতো শব্দ সৃষ্টি হয়।